Монголын Ардын Арми: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа
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No edit summary |
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Мөр 148: | Мөр 148: | ||
General (GEN) |
General (GEN) |
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Marshal of Mongolia (MAR) |
Marshal of Mongolia (MAR) |
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===Дүрэмт хувцас=== |
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===Uniform=== |
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Because it was established on a Soviet military system, the Mongolian People's Army used similar uniforms with the [[Red Army]], only with Mongolian distinctions. Until 1924, People's Army personnel wore traditional [[deel (clothing)|deel]], which had their respective shoulder insignias. In the mid-1930s, the army adopted Soviet [[Gymnasterka]] and developed its true rank and distinction system. All personnel were distinct by their sleeve and collar insignias from the general population when the gymnastyorka was rather popular. After the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], slight modifications were made. In 1944 all uniforms and insignia were significantly changed to include shoulder insignia and camouflage cloaks, similar to Soviet uniform modifications. |
Because it was established on a Soviet military system, the Mongolian People's Army used similar uniforms with the [[Red Army]], only with Mongolian distinctions. Until 1924, People's Army personnel wore traditional [[deel (clothing)|deel]], which had their respective shoulder insignias. In the mid-1930s, the army adopted Soviet [[Gymnasterka]] and developed its true rank and distinction system. All personnel were distinct by their sleeve and collar insignias from the general population when the gymnastyorka was rather popular. After the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], slight modifications were made. In 1944 all uniforms and insignia were significantly changed to include shoulder insignia and camouflage cloaks, similar to Soviet uniform modifications. |
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Мөр 156: | Мөр 156: | ||
[[File:A Mongolian soldier performs during the opening ceremony for exercise Khaan Quest 2013 at the Five Hills Training Area in Mongolia Aug. 3, 2013 130803-M-MG222-004.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A Horsemen with by Soviet similar uniform performs during the opening ceremony for exercise Khaan Quest 2013 at the Five Hills Training Area in Mongolia Aug. 3, 2013]] |
[[File:A Mongolian soldier performs during the opening ceremony for exercise Khaan Quest 2013 at the Five Hills Training Area in Mongolia Aug. 3, 2013 130803-M-MG222-004.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A Horsemen with by Soviet similar uniform performs during the opening ceremony for exercise Khaan Quest 2013 at the Five Hills Training Area in Mongolia Aug. 3, 2013]] |
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==Байлдааны үйл ажиллагаа== |
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==Military actions== |
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{{Main|Participants in World War II#Mongolia}} |
{{Main|Participants in World War II#Mongolia}} |
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Units of Mongolian People's Army supported and [[allied]] with a Soviet Red Army in the [[Battle of Khalkhyn Gol]] in 1939 and on the western flank of the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]] in 1945. Domestically, it took part in the suppression of the [[1932 armed uprising]]. Also involved to many border conflict against [[Manchukuo Imperial Army|Manchukuo]] with a [[Kwantung Army]] (one of large part of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]) and Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]].[[Imperial Japanese Army]] recorded 152 minor incidents on the border of Manchuria between 1932 and 1934. The number of incidents increased to over 150 per year in 1935 and 1936, and the scale of incidents became larger. |
Units of Mongolian People's Army supported and [[allied]] with a Soviet Red Army in the [[Battle of Khalkhyn Gol]] in 1939 and on the western flank of the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]] in 1945. Domestically, it took part in the suppression of the [[1932 armed uprising]]. Also involved to many border conflict against [[Manchukuo Imperial Army|Manchukuo]] with a [[Kwantung Army]] (one of large part of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]) and Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]].[[Imperial Japanese Army]] recorded 152 minor incidents on the border of Manchuria between 1932 and 1934. The number of incidents increased to over 150 per year in 1935 and 1936, and the scale of incidents became larger. |
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Мөр 171: | Мөр 171: | ||
[[File:MNRA soldiers 1939.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mongolian troops fight against it took part Japanese counterattack on the western beach of river the Khalkhin Gol, 1939]] |
[[File:MNRA soldiers 1939.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mongolian troops fight against it took part Japanese counterattack on the western beach of river the Khalkhin Gol, 1939]] |
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==Хөнгөн зэвсэглэл== |
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==Light equipment== |
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[[ |
[[Мосин-наган]], |
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[[ |
[[ППШ-41]], |
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[[ |
[[ППШ-43]], |
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[[ |
[[ M1910 Максим]], |
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[[ |
[[СГ-43 Горюнов]], |
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[[ |
[[ДШK]] |
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[[Дегтяровын пулемёт]] |
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[[Degtyaryov machine gun]] |
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==Артиллери ба мортар== |
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==Artillery and mortars== |
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[[37 |
[[37 мм-ийн танк эсэргүүцэх их буу M1930 (1-K)]] |
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[[76 |
[[76 мм-ийн хорооны их буу M1927]] |
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[[45 |
[[45 мм-ийн танк эсэргүүцэх их буу M1937 (53-K)]] |
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[[76 |
[[76 мм-ийн хорооны их буу M1943]] |
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==Пуужинт төхөөрөмж== |
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==Multiple Rocket Launchers== |
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[[ |
[[БМ-13]] - 150 |
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==Агаарын их буу== |
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==Anti-aircraft Weapon== |
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Although little attention was paid to anti-aircraft weaponry in the Mongolian People's Army, a few dozen units of Soviet origin were known to be distributed to light armored outfits. |
Although little attention was paid to anti-aircraft weaponry in the Mongolian People's Army, a few dozen units of Soviet origin were known to be distributed to light armored outfits. |
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==Автомашин== |
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==Vehicles== |
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*[[ |
*[[Газ-61]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Газ-64]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Газ-67]] |
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*[[ |
*[[ЗиС-5]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Газ–MM]] |
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*[[ |
*[[ЗиС-42]] |
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*[[Studebaker US6]] |
*[[Studebaker US6]] |
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*[[Dodge WC-51]] |
*[[Dodge WC-51]] |
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==Хуягт корпус== |
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==Armored corps== |
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Under Soviet support campaign for mechanization, the army formed its first mechanized unit in 1922. Also it was by structure in the ground force half-[[mechanization]] cavalry in the other units distributed to light armored vehicles until 1943. It began to process to motorised since 1943. |
Under Soviet support campaign for mechanization, the army formed its first mechanized unit in 1922. Also it was by structure in the ground force half-[[mechanization]] cavalry in the other units distributed to light armored vehicles until 1943. It began to process to motorised since 1943. |
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This is a list of Mongolian People's Army tanks and armour during the 1922s-World War II period. |
This is a list of Mongolian People's Army tanks and armour during the 1922s-World War II period. |
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===Хуягт машин=== |
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*Орос[[Остин Путилов]] (2 ш) |
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*Russian [[Austin Armoured Car|Austin Putilov]] (two examples) |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[FAI хуягт машин|FAI]] |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[БА-6]] |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[БА-10]] |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[БА-64]] |
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===Хөнгөн танк=== |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[T-27]]- 10 |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[БТ-5]] - ? |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[БТ-7]] - 27 |
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===Дунд танк=== |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[T-34]]- ? |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[T-34/85]]- 33 |
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[[File:A monument featuring a T-34-85 tank in Ulan Bator.jpg|thumb|200px| |
[[File:A monument featuring a T-34-85 tank in Ulan Bator.jpg|thumb|200px| Хувьсгалт Монгол танкийн бригад T-34-85 танкийн хөшөө.]] |
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===Өөрөө явагч их буу=== |
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* |
*ЗХУ [[СУ-100]] |
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== |
==Монголын ардын армийн Агаарын цэргийн хүч 1925–1945 он== |
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{{Гол|Монгол ард эскадриль}} |
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{{Main|Mongolian Arat Air Squadron}} |
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The Mongolian People's Army Aviation drastically improved with Soviet training and vastly ameliorated within a time span of several years. In May 1925, a [[Junkers F.13]] entered service as the first aircraft in Mongolian civil and military-related aviation. In March 1931, the [[Soviet Union]] donated three [[Polikarpov R-1]]s to the Mongolian People's Army, with Mongolia further purchasing three R-1s.<ref name="Walg1 p18-9">Walg ''Air Enthusiast'' November/December 1996, pp. 18–19.</ref> In 1932, an [[1932 armed uprising in Mongolia|uprising broke out]] against [[Collectivization]], which saw both Soviet and Mongolian-operated R-1s taking part in actions against the rebellion. The aircraft carried out reconnaissance, [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|leaflet dropping]], and bombing missions<ref name="Walg1 p19-0">Walg ''Air Enthusiast'' November/December 1996, pp. 19–20.</ref> Chinese intelligence reports that in 1945 the Mongolian People's Air Force had been with a three-fighter and three-bomber aviation-[[regiment]], and one flight training school and greater air [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]]. It was reported that headquartered in the [[Kempeitai|Mukden Manchukuo spy-section]] in October 1944 air force whole units had been 180 aircraft and 1231 flight and technical personnel. The Mongolian People's Army Aviation demonstrated its full potential during the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], which was its largest engagement. Apart from intercepting intruding aircraft, People's Aviation was used heavily to repress domestic rebel movements. |
The Mongolian People's Army Aviation drastically improved with Soviet training and vastly ameliorated within a time span of several years. In May 1925, a [[Junkers F.13]] entered service as the first aircraft in Mongolian civil and military-related aviation. In March 1931, the [[Soviet Union]] donated three [[Polikarpov R-1]]s to the Mongolian People's Army, with Mongolia further purchasing three R-1s.<ref name="Walg1 p18-9">Walg ''Air Enthusiast'' November/December 1996, pp. 18–19.</ref> In 1932, an [[1932 armed uprising in Mongolia|uprising broke out]] against [[Collectivization]], which saw both Soviet and Mongolian-operated R-1s taking part in actions against the rebellion. The aircraft carried out reconnaissance, [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|leaflet dropping]], and bombing missions<ref name="Walg1 p19-0">Walg ''Air Enthusiast'' November/December 1996, pp. 19–20.</ref> Chinese intelligence reports that in 1945 the Mongolian People's Air Force had been with a three-fighter and three-bomber aviation-[[regiment]], and one flight training school and greater air [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]]. It was reported that headquartered in the [[Kempeitai|Mukden Manchukuo spy-section]] in October 1944 air force whole units had been 180 aircraft and 1231 flight and technical personnel. The Mongolian People's Army Aviation demonstrated its full potential during the [[Battle of Khalkhin Gol]], which was its largest engagement. Apart from intercepting intruding aircraft, People's Aviation was used heavily to repress domestic rebel movements. |
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The [[Mongolian Air Force|Mongolian People's Air Force]] has operated a variety of aircraft types. |
The [[Mongolian Air Force|Mongolian People's Air Force]] has operated a variety of aircraft types. |
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===Сургалтын=== |
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* [[Avro 504| |
* [[Avro 504|По-1]] |
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* [[ |
* [[По-2]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Яковлев УТ-2]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Як-11]] |
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===Бөмбөгдөгч ба дайрагч онгоц=== |
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===Bomber and ground-attack aircraft=== |
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* [[ |
* [[Поликарпов Р-1]]- |
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* [[ |
* [[Поликарпов Р-5]]-40 |
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* [[ |
* [[Ильюшин Ил-2]]-70 |
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=== |
===Сөнөөгч онгоц=== |
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* [[ |
* [[Поликарпов И-15]]- 50 |
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* [[ |
* [[Поликарпов И-15]]bis- |
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* [[ |
* [[Поликарпов И-16]]- 1 |
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* [[ |
* [[Як-7]]- |
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* [[ |
* [[Як-9]]- 34 |
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===Тээврийн онгоц=== |
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* [[ |
* [[Ильюшин Ли-2]] |
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* [[Стал-3)]] |
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* [[Putilov Stal-3|Gan-3 (Stal-3. this airplanes frame is made with stainless steel. Stal' means steel in Russian but Gan is a Mongolian word)]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Калинин K-5]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Як-6]] |
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* [[ |
* [[F-13]] |
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* [[Junkers W 33]] |
* [[Junkers W 33]] |
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* [[Nakajima Ki-34]]-12 |
* [[Nakajima Ki-34]]-12 |
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* [[ |
* [[АИР-6]] |
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== |
==Монголын ардын армийн чадавх ( 1950-1990 )== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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! style="text-align: left;"| |
! style="text-align: left;"|Техник |
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! style="text-align: left;"| |
! style="text-align: left;"|Гарал |
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! style="text-align: left;"| |
! style="text-align: left;"|Хувилбар |
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! style="text-align: left;"| |
! style="text-align: left;"|Тоо |
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! style="text-align: left;"| |
! style="text-align: left;"|Тайлбар |
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|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Үндсэн танк]]/[[Дунд танк]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[СУ-100]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| Өөрөө явагч их буу |
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| Self-propelled gun |
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| 10<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 10<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[T-34|T-34/85]] |
| [[T-34|T-34/85]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| Дунд танк |
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| Medium Tank |
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| 40<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 40<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[T-54]] |
| [[T-54]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| Дунд танк |
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| Medium Tank |
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| 250<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 250<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[T-55]] |
| [[T-55]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Дунд танк |
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| Medium Tank |
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| 250<ref name=sipri1>[http://www.armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.phpThe SIPRI]</ref> |
| 250<ref name=sipri1>[http://www.armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.phpThe SIPRI]</ref> |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[T-62]] |
| [[T-62]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Үндсэн танк |
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| Main Battle Tank |
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| 100<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 100<ref name="sipri1"/> |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Явган цэргийн байлдааны машин]]/[[Хуягласан тусгай машин]''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БМП-1]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Явган цэргийн байлдааны машин |
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| Infantry Fighting Vehicle |
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| 400<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 400<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БТР-40]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Дугуйтай хуягласан машин |
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| Wheeled armoured personnel carrier |
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| 200<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 200<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[БТР-60]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Дугуйтай хуягласан машин |
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| Wheeled armoured personnel carrier |
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| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БТР-152]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Дугуйтай хуягласан машин |
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| Wheeled armoured personnel carrier |
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| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БРДМ-1]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Хуягласан тусгай машин |
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| Armored Personnel Carrier |
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| 150<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 150<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БРДМ-2]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| Хуягласан тусгай машин |
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| Armored Personnel Carrier |
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| 120<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 120<ref name="sipri1"/> |
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| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Пуужинт төхөөрөмж]]''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[БМ-21]] Град |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| 122 |
| 122 мм-ийн Пуужинт төхөөрөмж |
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| 130<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 130<ref name="sipri1"/> |
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| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Артиллери]]''' |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[85 |
| [[85 мм-ийн дивизийн их буу D-44]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| 85 |
| 85 мм-ийн дивизийн их буу |
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| |
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| unknown number |
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| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[122 |
| [[122 мм-ийн их буу M1931/37 (A-19)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| 122 |
| 122 мм-ийн их буу |
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| 20<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 20<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[122 |
| [[122 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу 2A18 (D-30)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| 122 |
| 122 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу |
||
| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[130 |
| [[130 мм-ийн хээрийн их буу M1954 (M-46)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
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| 130 |
| 130 мм-ийн хээрийн их буу |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
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| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[152 |
| [[152 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу M1937 (ML-20)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 152 |
| 152 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[122 |
| [[122 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу M1938 (M-30)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 122 |
| 122 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу |
||
| 100<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 100<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[152 |
| [[152 мм-ийн зенитийн их буу M1943 (D-1)]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 152 |
| 152 мм-ийн хээрийн их буу |
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| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 50<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Мортар]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[82- |
| [[82-БМ-37|БМ-37]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 82 |
| 82 мм-ийн калибрийн мортар |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
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| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[120- |
| [[120-ПМ-43 мортар|ПМ-43]] |
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| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 120 |
| 120 мм-ийн калибрийн мортар |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[:ru:М-160|M-160]] |
| [[:ru:М-160|M-160]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 160 |
| 160 мм-ийн дивизийн мортар |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Танк эсэргүүцэх буу]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[СПГ-9]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 73 мм-ийн Танк эсэргүүцэх буу |
|||
| 73 mm anti-tank gun |
|||
| unknown number |
| unknown number |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[85 |
| [[85 мм-ийн Танк эсэргүүцэх буу Д-48]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 85 |
| 85 мм-ийн Танк эсэргүүцэх буу |
||
| |
|||
| unknown number |
|||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[100 |
| [[100 мм-ийн хээрийн их буу M1944 (БС-3)]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 100 |
| 100 мм-ийн хээрийн их буу |
||
| 25<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 25<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[T-12 |
| [[T-12 Танк эсэргүүцэх буу]] |
||
| {{flagcountry| |
| {{flagcountry|ЗХУ}} |
||
| 100 |
| 100 мм-ийн Танк эсэргүүцэх буу |
||
| 25<ref name="sipri1"/> |
| 25<ref name="sipri1"/> |
||
| |
| |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== |
== Монголын ардын армийн Агаарын цэргийн хүч ( 1950-1990 ) == |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Нэр |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Гарал |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Төрөл |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Хувилбарууд |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Ашиглалтанд байгаа |
||
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"| |
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Тайлбар |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Сөнөөгч онгоц]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Поликарпов И-15]] || {{ЗХУ}} || Сөнөөгч || И-15 || 1+<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Поликарпов И-16]] || {{ЗХУ}} || Сөнөөгч || И-16 || 1+<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Поликарпов По-2]] || {{ЗХУ}} || Сөнөөгч || У-2а || 20<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Микоян-Гуревич МиГ-15|МиГ-15]] || {{USSR}} || Сөнөөгч || МиГ-15бис || 48<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Микоян-Гуревич МиГ-17|МиГ-17]] || {{ЗХУ}} || Сөнөөгч || МиГ-17Ф || 36<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Микоян-Гуревич МиГ-21|МиГ-21]] || {{ЗХУ}} || Сөнөөгч || МиГ-21ПФМ/МФ || 30+12<ref name="sipri1"/><ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Бөмбөгдөгч]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Поликарпов Р-З]] || {{ЗХУ}} || хөнгөн бөмбөгдөгч || Р-З || тоо тодорхойгүй<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[ |
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | '''[[Цэргийн тээврийн онгоц|Тээврийн онгоц]]''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Boeing 727]] || {{USA}} || Narrow-body jet airliner || Boeing 727-200 || unknown number<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
| [[Boeing 727]] || {{USA}} || Narrow-body jet airliner || Boeing 727-200 || unknown number<ref name="worldairforces"/> || |
07:19, 17 Есдүгээр сар 2014-ий байдлаарх засвар
Монголын Ардын Арми буюу Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Цэрэг нь 1921 оны 3 сарын 18 -наас 1990 онуудад БНМАУ-ын Зэвсэгт хүчнийг нэрлэж байсан албан ёсны нэр юм.
Үүсэн байгуулсан нь
МАХН-ын One of the first actions of the new Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party authorities was the creation of a native communist army in 1920 under the leadership of adept cavalry commander Damdin Sükhbaatar in order to fight against Russian troops from the White movement and Chinese forces. The MPRP was aided by the Russian SFSR Red Army, which helped to secure the Mongolian People's Republic and remained in its territory until at least 1925.
1930-аад оны үйл ажиллагаанууд
Initially during the native revolts of the early 1930s and the Japanese border probes beginning in the mid-1930s, Soviet Red Army troops in Mongolia amounted to little more than instructors for the native army and as guards for diplomatic and trading installations.
However in the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol (or Nomonhan) heavily armed Red Army forces under Georgy Zhukov assisted by Mongolian troops under Khorloogiin Choibalsan decisively defeated Imperial Japanese Army forces under Michitarō Komatsubara.
Хүйтэн дайны үед
During the Pei-ta-shan Incident, elite Qinghai Chinese Muslim cavalry were sent by the Chinese Kuomintang to destroy the Mongols and the Russians in 1947.[1]
The military of Mongolian's purpose was national defense, protection of local communist establishments, and collaboration with Soviet forces in future military actions against exterior enemies, up until the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia.
Улс төрийн номлол
The central Political Administration Unit was established in the army in 1921 to supervise the work of political commissars (Politruk) and party cells in all army units and to provide a political link with the Central Committee of the MPRP in the army. The unit served to raise morale and to prevent enemy political propaganda. Up to one third of army units were members of the party and others were in the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League.
The Red Mongol Army received sixty percent of the government budget in early years and it to expanded from 2,560 men in 1923 to 4,000 in 1924 and to 7,000 in 1927. The native armed forces stayed linked to Soviet Red Army intelligence groups and NKVD, Mongolian secret police, and Buryat Mongol Comintern agents acted as administrators and represented the real power in the country albeit under direct Soviet guidance.
Бэлтгэл сургалт
By 1926 the government planned to train 10,000 conscripts annually and to increase the training period to six months. Chinese intelligence reports in 1927 indicated that between 40,000 and 50,000 reservists could be mustered at short notice. In 1929 a general mobilization was called to test the training and reserve system. The expected turnout was to have been 30,000 troops but only 2,000 men presented. This failure initiated serious reforms in recruiting and training systems.
Хүчин чадал
In 1921-1927 the land forces, almost exclusively horsemen, numbered about 17,000 mounted troops and boasted more than 200 heavy machine guns, 50 mountain howitzers, 30 field guns, seven armored cars, and a maximum of up to 20 light tanks.
Үндсэн нэгжүүд ба моторжуулалт
The basic unit was the 2,000-man cavalry regiment consisting of three squadrons. Each 600-plus-man squadron was divided into five companies, a machine gun company, and an engineer unit. Cavalry regiments were organized into larger units--brigades or divisions—which included artillery and service support units. The chief advantage of this force was mobility over the great distances in Mongolia: small units were able to cover more than 160 km in 24 hours.
Монголын Ардыэ армийн дивизүүд ба бусад нэгжүүд
- 1st Cavalry Division
- 2nd Cavalry Division
- 3rd Cavalry Division
- 4th Cavalry Division
- 5th Cavalry Division
- 6th Cavalry Division
- 7th Cavalry Division
- 8th Cavalry Division
- 9th Cavalry Division
- 10th Cavalry Division
- 7th Motorized Armored Brigade
- 3rd Separate Tank Regiment
- 3rd Artillery Regiment
- Aviation Mixed Division
- Chemical defence-engineering regiment
Армийн зэрэг цол
- Enlisted
Private (PVT) Private first class (PFC) Corporal (CPL) Sergeant (SGT) Staff Sergeant (SSG) Sergeant first class (SFC) Master Sergeant (MSG) First Sergeant (1SG) Sergeant Major (SM) Command Sergeant Major (CSM) Sergeant Major of the army (SMA)
- Officer
2nd Lieutenant (2LT) 1st Lieutenant (1LT) Captain (CPT) Major (MAJ) Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Colonel (COL) Major General (MAJ GEN) Lieutenant General (LT GEN) General (GEN) Marshal of Mongolia (MAR)
Дүрэмт хувцас
Because it was established on a Soviet military system, the Mongolian People's Army used similar uniforms with the Red Army, only with Mongolian distinctions. Until 1924, People's Army personnel wore traditional deel, which had their respective shoulder insignias. In the mid-1930s, the army adopted Soviet Gymnasterka and developed its true rank and distinction system. All personnel were distinct by their sleeve and collar insignias from the general population when the gymnastyorka was rather popular. After the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, slight modifications were made. In 1944 all uniforms and insignia were significantly changed to include shoulder insignia and camouflage cloaks, similar to Soviet uniform modifications.
From the 1960s, the equipment and uniforms of the Mongolian People's Army were included a program to modernize the military. As before, the Mongolian People's Army (a Warsaw pact ally) was similar to the Soviet Red Army in appearance and structure.
Байлдааны үйл ажиллагаа
Units of Mongolian People's Army supported and allied with a Soviet Red Army in the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol in 1939 and on the western flank of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in 1945. Domestically, it took part in the suppression of the 1932 armed uprising. Also involved to many border conflict against Manchukuo with a Kwantung Army (one of large part of the Imperial Japanese Army) and Chinese National Revolutionary Army.Imperial Japanese Army recorded 152 minor incidents on the border of Manchuria between 1932 and 1934. The number of incidents increased to over 150 per year in 1935 and 1936, and the scale of incidents became larger.
In January 1935, the first armed battle, Halhamiao incident (哈爾哈廟事件 Haruhabyō jiken ) occurred on border between Mongolia and Manchukuo.[2] Scores of Mongolia cavalry units engaged with Manchuko army patrol unit near the Buddhist temple Halhamiao. Manchuko Army incurred slight casualties, including a Japanese military advisor.
Between December 1935 and March 1936, the Orahodoga incident (オラホドガ事件 Orahodoga jiken )(ja) and the Tauran incident (タウラン事件 Tauran jiken ) (ja) occurred. In these battles, both Japanese Army and Mongolian Army used a small number of armoured fighting vehicles and military aircraft.
Stalinist repressions against Mongolian People's Army
Хөнгөн зэвсэглэл
Артиллери ба мортар
37 мм-ийн танк эсэргүүцэх их буу M1930 (1-K)
76 мм-ийн хорооны их буу M1927
45 мм-ийн танк эсэргүүцэх их буу M1937 (53-K)
76 мм-ийн хорооны их буу M1943
Пуужинт төхөөрөмж
БМ-13 - 150
Агаарын их буу
Although little attention was paid to anti-aircraft weaponry in the Mongolian People's Army, a few dozen units of Soviet origin were known to be distributed to light armored outfits.
Автомашин
Хуягт корпус
Under Soviet support campaign for mechanization, the army formed its first mechanized unit in 1922. Also it was by structure in the ground force half-mechanization cavalry in the other units distributed to light armored vehicles until 1943. It began to process to motorised since 1943. This is a list of Mongolian People's Army tanks and armour during the 1922s-World War II period.
Хуягт машин
- ОросОстин Путилов (2 ш)
- ЗХУ FAI
- ЗХУ БА-6
- ЗХУ БА-10
- ЗХУ БА-64
Хөнгөн танк
Дунд танк
Өөрөө явагч их буу
- ЗХУ СУ-100
Монголын ардын армийн Агаарын цэргийн хүч 1925–1945 он
The Mongolian People's Army Aviation drastically improved with Soviet training and vastly ameliorated within a time span of several years. In May 1925, a Junkers F.13 entered service as the first aircraft in Mongolian civil and military-related aviation. In March 1931, the Soviet Union donated three Polikarpov R-1s to the Mongolian People's Army, with Mongolia further purchasing three R-1s.[3] In 1932, an uprising broke out against Collectivization, which saw both Soviet and Mongolian-operated R-1s taking part in actions against the rebellion. The aircraft carried out reconnaissance, leaflet dropping, and bombing missions[4] Chinese intelligence reports that in 1945 the Mongolian People's Air Force had been with a three-fighter and three-bomber aviation-regiment, and one flight training school and greater air squadrons. It was reported that headquartered in the Mukden Manchukuo spy-section in October 1944 air force whole units had been 180 aircraft and 1231 flight and technical personnel. The Mongolian People's Army Aviation demonstrated its full potential during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, which was its largest engagement. Apart from intercepting intruding aircraft, People's Aviation was used heavily to repress domestic rebel movements.
The Mongolian People's Air Force has operated a variety of aircraft types.
Сургалтын
Бөмбөгдөгч ба дайрагч онгоц
Сөнөөгч онгоц
- Поликарпов И-15- 50
- Поликарпов И-15bis-
- Поликарпов И-16- 1
- Як-7-
- Як-9- 34
Тээврийн онгоц
Монголын ардын армийн чадавх ( 1950-1990 )
Монголын ардын армийн Агаарын цэргийн хүч ( 1950-1990 )
Нэр | Гарал | Төрөл | Хувилбарууд | Ашиглалтанд байгаа | Тайлбар | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Сөнөөгч онгоц | ||||||
Поликарпов И-15 | Загвар:ЗХУ | Сөнөөгч | И-15 | 1+[6] | ||
Поликарпов И-16 | Загвар:ЗХУ | Сөнөөгч | И-16 | 1+[6] | ||
Поликарпов По-2 | Загвар:ЗХУ | Сөнөөгч | У-2а | 20[6] | ||
МиГ-15 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Сөнөөгч | МиГ-15бис | 48[6] | ||
МиГ-17 | Загвар:ЗХУ | Сөнөөгч | МиГ-17Ф | 36[6] | ||
МиГ-21 | Загвар:ЗХУ | Сөнөөгч | МиГ-21ПФМ/МФ | 30+12[5][6] | ||
Бөмбөгдөгч | ||||||
Поликарпов Р-З | Загвар:ЗХУ | хөнгөн бөмбөгдөгч | Р-З | тоо тодорхойгүй[6] | ||
Тээврийн онгоц | ||||||
Boeing 727 | Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс | Narrow-body jet airliner | Boeing 727-200 | unknown number[6] | ||
Tupolev Tu-104 Camel | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | Tu-104 | 2[5] | ||
Tupolev Tu-154 Careless | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | Tu-154B-2 | unknown number[6] | ||
Ilyushin Il-2 Bark | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | Il-2 | unknown number[6] | Could be up to 72 | |
Ilyushin Il-12 Coach | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | Il-12 | unknown number[6] | ||
Ilyushin Il-14 Crate | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | Il-14 | 6[5] | ||
Antonov An-2 Colt | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-2 | 30[6] | ||
Antonov An-12 Cub | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-12 | 15[6] | ||
Antonov An-14 Clod | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-14 | 2[6] | ||
Antonov An-24 Coke | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-24 | 22[6] | ||
Antonov An-26 Curl | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-26 | 4[6] | ||
Antonov An-32 Cline | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport aircraft | An-32 | 1[6] | ||
Harbin Y-12 | Хятад | utility aircraft | Y-12 | 5[6] | ||
PZL-104 Wilga | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | utility aircraft | Wilga-2 | 3[6] | ||
Training aircraft | ||||||
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | MiG-15UTI | 1[5] | ||
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fresco | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | MiG-17PF | 8[5] | ||
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | MiG-21US | unknown number[5] | ||
Yakovlev UT-2 Mink | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | UT-2 | 1+[6] | ||
Yakovlev Yak-6 Frank | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | Yak-6 | unknown number[6] | ||
Yakovlev Yak-9 Frank | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | Yak-9U | unknown number[6] | ||
Yakovlev Yak-11 Moose | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | Yak-11 | 10[5] | ||
Yakovlev Yak-12 Creek | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | Yak-12 | unknown number[6] | ||
Yakovlev Yak-18 Max | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Training aircraft | Yak-18 | 10[5] | ||
Attack Helicopter | ||||||
Mil Mi-24 Hind | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Attack helicopter | Mi-24D/V | 10[5] | Ground support/Anti tank | |
Transport Helicopter | ||||||
Mil Mi-1 Hare | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Light helicopter | Mi-1 | 5[5] | Transport | |
Mil Mi-2 Hoplite | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Light helicopter | Mi-2 | 1[5] | Transport | |
Mil Mi-4 Hound | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport helicopter | Mi-4A | 5[5] | Transport | |
Mil Mi-8 Hip | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Transport helicopter | Mi-8T/MT | 10[5] | Transport | |
Kamov Ka-26 Hoodlum | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Light utility | Ka-26 | unknown number[5] | Transport | |
SAM | ||||||
S-75 Dvina | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Strategic SAM system | S-75 Dvina | 1[5] | 24 missiles[5] | |
S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Strategic SAM system | S-200 | unknown number[7] | ||
9K31 Strela-1 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Vehicle-mounted SAM system | 9K31 Strela-1 | unknown number | ||
Strela-2 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Man portable SAM launcher | Strela-2 | 1250[5] | ||
Air Defence Artillery | ||||||
ZPU-4 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Anti-aircraft machine gun | ZPU-4 | unknown number | ||
ZU-23-2 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Anti-Aircraft Twin Autocannon | ZU-23-2 | unknown number | ||
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun | ZSU-23-4 | unknown number | ||
S-60 | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Autocannon | 57 mm S-60 | unknown number | ||
61-K | Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | Air defense gun | 37 mm M1939 | unknown number |
See also
Group of Soviet Forces in Mongolia
References
- ↑ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 214. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Retrieved 28 Зургаадугаар сар 2010.
- ↑ Charles Otterstedt, Kwantung Army and the Nomonhan Incident: Its Impact on National security
- ↑ Walg Air Enthusiast November/December 1996, pp. 18–19.
- ↑ Walg Air Enthusiast November/December 1996, pp. 19–20.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 SIPRI
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 World Air Forces - Historical Listings Mongolia (MON). worldairforces.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-27.
- ↑ World Missile Directory, FLIGHT international, 1985
- Walg, A.J. "Wings Over the Steppes: Aerial warfare in Mongolia 1930–1945: Part One". Air Enthusiast (66, November/December 1996): pp. 18–23. ISSN 0143-5450.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - Walg, A.J. "Wings Over the Steppes: Aerial warfare in Mongolia 1930–1945: Part Two". Air Enthusiast (67, January–February 1997): pp. 25–23. ISSN 0143-5450.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help) - Walg, A.J. "Wings Over the Steppes: Aerial warfare in Mongolia 1930–1945: Part Three". Air Enthusiast (68, March–April 1997): pp. 70–73. ISSN 0143-5450.
{{cite journal}}
:|pages=
has extra text (help)