Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:Shineez

Passive Sentences

Avoid Passive Sentences when possible.

Active sentences:

 Bob broke the window.
      will break, breaks, has broken

Ron made mistakes. Active and personal ◄any tense/ time ◄focus on actor + action

Passive sentences:

 The window was broken by Bob.
     will be broken, is broken, has been broken

Mistakes were made (by Ron, by someone). Official/ impersonal

◄any tense/ time
◄focus on the thing

Is passive always bad? No. Often it's useful. The test will be completed by me. ?? Why not write “I completed the test”??

Or Why not write "The test was completed." This is passive but that's ok if you don't care who completed the test.

On the line, the bolts are adjusted to the correct tightness. Who cares who “tightens the bolts"? Does it matter? No. So passive is ok here.

Cars will be made from plastic in the future. Here the focus is on cars -- not who makes them and that is appropriate here.

How can you tell if a sentence is passive? To have a passive sentence, you need 3 elements:

1 BE (is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ be) + 2 VERB + 3 Past Form

 was 

will be has been is shocked found <past form/irregular determined requested

Are these sentences passive? 1. He was electrocuted. Yes: 1+2+3 2. She had received the award. No: no past form (3) 3. They are tabulating the results. No: No Be verb(1) 4. The results are being tabulated. Yes: 1+2+3 5. Ralph completed the test. No: Be verb (1) 6. The test has been completed. Yes: 1+2+3

Passive form

Conditional sentences

The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English.

Watch out:

1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used?

2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of the if-clauses.type condition I condition possible to fulfill II condition in theory possible to fulfill III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

Formtype if clause main clause I Simple Present will-future (or Modal + infinitive) II Simple Past would + infinitive * III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

Examples (if-clause at the beginning)type if clause main clause I If I study, I will pass the exam. II If I studied, I would pass the exam. III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the end)type main clause if-clause I I will pass the exam if I study. II I would pass the exam if I studied. III I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)type Examples

	 	long forms	short/contracted forms

I + If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study, I'll pass the exam. - If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. II + If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam. - If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam. If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. III + If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam. - If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam. If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

• We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).I would pass the exam.

I could pass the exam. I might pass the exam. I may pass the exam. I should pass the exam. I must pass the exam.